Instrument Flight 1
VOR and VOR Navigation related questions
Sections: PA.I.D.S2, PA.VI.A.K5c, PA.VI.B.K1, PA.VI.B.S3,
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1. According to the Chart Supplement, what are the operational requirements of a VORTAC? (Refer to Figure 17: Chart Supplement)
Answer (C) is correct. (Chart Supplement) According to the Chart Supplement, a VORTAC has the operational requirements of collocated VOR and TACAN navigational facilities.
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2. While en route on Victor 185, a flight crosses the 248° radial of Allendale VOR at 0953 and then crosses the 216° radial of Allendale VOR at 1000. What is the estimated time of arrival at Savannah VORTAC? (Refer to Figure 23: Sectional Chart Excerpt)
Answer (C) is correct. (FAA-H-8083-25B Chap 16) The first step is to find the three points involved. V185 runs southeast from the top left of Fig. 23. The first intersection (V70 and V185) is about 1 in. from the top of the chart. The second intersection (V157 and V185) is about 1-1/2 in. farther along V185. The Savannah VORTAC is about 6 in. farther down V185. Use the sectional scale located at the top of the chart. From the first intersection (V70 and V185), it is about 10 NM to the intersection of V185 and V157. From there it is 40 NM to Savannah VORTAC. On your flight computer, place the 7 min. the first leg took (1000 – 0953) on the inner scale under 10 NM on the outer scale. Then find 40 NM on the outer scale. Read 28 min. on the inner scale, which is the time en route from the V185 and V157 intersection to the Savannah VORTAC. Arrival time over Savannah VORTAC is therefore 1028.
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3. When navigating using only VOR/DME based RNAV, selection of a VOR NAVAID that does not have DME service will
Answer (C) is correct. (FAA-H-8083-25B Chap 16) VOR/DME-based RNAV units need both VOR and DME signals to operate. If the NAVAID selected is a VOR without DME, RNAV mode will not function.
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4. (Refer to area 5.) The VOR is tuned to the Dallas/Fort Worth VOR. The omnibearing selector (OBS) is set on 253°, with a TO indication, and a right course deviation indicator (CDI) deflection. What is the aircraft’s position from the VOR? (Refer to Figure 25: Sectional Chart Excerpt)
Answer (C) is correct. (FAA-H-8083-25B Chap 16) It is not necessary to refer to Fig. 25 to solve this problem. Write the word VOR on a piece of paper. Now draw a line through it, representing the 253° radial and its reciprocal. Now imagine you are flying along this line on a heading of 253°. With a TO indication and a right CDI deflection, you are northeast of the VOR but south of the course.
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5. What is the approximate position of the aircraft if the VOR receivers indicate the 340° radial of Savannah VORTAC (area 3) and the 184° radial of Allendale VOR (area 1)? (Refer to Figure 23: Sectional Chart Excerpt)
Answer (A) is correct. (FAA-H-8083-25B Chap 16) To locate a position based on VOR radials, draw the radials on your map or on the plastic overlay during the FAA pilot knowledge test. Remember that radials are from the VOR, or leaving the VOR. On Fig. 23, the 340° radial from Savannah extends northwest, and the 184° radial from Allendale extends south. They intersect over the town of Springfield.
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6. (Refer to illustration 8.) The VOR receiver has the indications shown. What is the aircraft’s position relative to the station? (Refer to Figure 28: VOR)
Answer (B) is correct. (FAA-H-8083-25B Chap 16) The OBS is set to 030° and the needle is centered with a TO indication. Therefore, the aircraft is on the 210° radial and south (southwest) of the station. By process of elimination, we know the aircraft is neither north nor east of the station, and therefore “south” is the best answer.
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7. (Refer to illustration 5.) The VOR receiver has the indications shown. What radial is the aircraft crossing? (Refer to Figure 28: VOR)
Answer (C) is correct. (FAA-H-8083-25B Chap 16) The OBS is set on 210° with the needle centered. The important factor is the TO indication showing. You are thus crossing the 210° inbound bearing, but with a TO indication it is the 030° radial. If it was a FROM indication, it would be the 210° radial.
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8. (Refer to illustration 3.) The VOR receiver has the indications shown. What is the aircraft’s position relative to the station? (Refer to Figure 28: VOR)
Answer (B) is correct. (FAA-H-8083-25B Chap 16) With no TO or FROM indications showing on VOR 3, Fig. 28, you must be flying in the zone of ambiguity from the VOR, which is perpendicular to the OBS setting, i.e., on the 120° or 300° radials. Since you have a right deflection, you would be on the 120° radial, or southeast of the VOR.
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9.
The VOR is tuned to Jamestown VOR (area 4 in Figure 26), and the aircraft is positioned over Cooperstown Airport (area 2 in Figure 26). Which VOR indication is correct? (Refer to Figure 28: VOR, and Figure 26: Sectional Chart Excerpt)
Answer (C) is correct. (FAA-H-8083-25B Chap 16) Cooperstown Airport (northeast of 2 in Fig. 26) is located on the 028° radial of the Jamestown VOR (south of 4). With a centered needle, you could have an OBS setting of 028° and a FROM indication or an OBS setting of 208° and a TO indication. VOR 4 fits the aircraft’s location over Cooperstown Airport. You have a TO indication with an OBS setting of 210° and a half-scale deflection of the CDI to the left (because Cooperstown Airport is north of your selected course). You are thus on approximately the 028° radial.
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10.
Answer (C) is correct. (FAA-H-8083-25B Chap 16) Cooperstown Airport (northeast of 2 in Fig. 26) is located on the 028° radial of the Jamestown VOR (south of 4). With a centered needle you could have an OBS setting of 028° and a FROM indication or an OBS setting of 208° and a TO indication. VOR 4 fits the aircraft’s location over Cooperstown Airport. You have a TO indication with an OBS setting of 210° and a half-scale deflection of the CDI to the left (because Cooperstown Airport is north of your selected course). You are thus on approximately the 028° radial.
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11.
The VOR is tuned to Bonham VORTAC (area 3 in Figure 24) and the aircraft is positioned over the town of Sulphur Springs (area 5 in Figure 24). Which VOR indication is correct? (Refer to Figure 28: VOR, and Figure 24: Sectional Chart Excerpt)
Answer (B) is correct. (FAA-H-8083-25B Chap 16) Sulphur Springs (SSW of area 5) is on the 120° radial of Bonham VORTAC. Illustration 7 in Fig. 28 shows the VOR receiver tuned to 030° course (210° radial), which is perpendicular to (90° away from) the 120° radial. This places the aircraft in the zone of ambiguity, which results in neither a TO nor a FROM indication. The CDI needle is deflected left, meaning the aircraft is positioned 90° to the right of the selected radial.
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12. What is the approximate position of the aircraft if the VOR receivers indicate the 245° radial of Sulphur Springs VOR-DME (area 5) and the 140° radial of Bonham VORTAC (area 3)? (Refer to Figure 24: Sectional Chart Excerpt)
Answer (A) is correct. (FAA-H-8083-25B Chap 16) To locate a position based on VOR radials, draw the radials on your map or on the plastic overlay during the FAA knowledge test. Remember that radials are from the VOR, or leaving the VOR. On Fig. 24, the 245° radial from Sulphur Springs VOR-DME extends southwest, and the 140° radial from Bonham VORTAC extends southeast. They intersect about 1 mi. east of Glenmar Airport.
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13.
The VOR is tuned to Elizabeth City VOR/DME (area 3 in Figure 20), and the aircraft is positioned over Shawboro, a small town 3 NM west of Currituck County Regional (ONX). Which VOR indication is correct? (Refer to Figure 28: VOR, and Figure 20: Sectional Chart Excerpt)
Answer (A) is correct. (FAA-H-8083-25B Chap 16) See Fig. 20, northeast of 3 along the compass rose. Shawboro is northeast of the Elizabeth City VOR on the 030° radial; zoom in to see the tiny black circle located to the lower left of the “S” in Shawboro; that corresponds to the town of Shawboro. To be over it, the needle should be centered with either an OBS setting of 210° and a TO indication or with an OBS setting of 030° and a FROM indication. VOR 5 matches the former description.
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14. What is your approximate position on low altitude airway Victor 1, southwest of Norfolk (area 1), if the VOR receiver indicates you are on the 340° radial of Elizabeth City VOR (area 3)? (Refer to Figure 20: Sectional Chart Excerpt)
Answer (C) is correct. (FAA-H-8083-25B Chap 16) First find V1 extending SW on the 233° radial from Norfolk VORTAC on Fig. 20. The V1 label appears just above 2. Then, draw along the 340° radial from Elizabeth City VOR (southwest of 3). If you are confused about where the exact VOR is (center of compass rose), draw a line through the entire compass rose so your line coincides with both your radial (here 340°) and its reciprocal (here 160°). The intersection with V1 is 18 NM from the Norfolk VORTAC. NOTE: Measure distance using the associated scale located at the top of the chart.
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15. What should the airborne accuracy of a VOR be?
Answer (B) is correct. (AIM Para 1-1-4) The accuracy of the VOR should be ±4° for ground checks or ±6° for airborne checks.
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16. When the course deviation indicator (CDI) needle is centered using a VOR test signal (VOT), the omnibearing selector (OBS) and the TO/FROM indicator should read
Answer (A) is correct. (AIM Para 1-1-4) To use the VOT service, tune in to the VOT frequency (108.0-117.95 MHz) on the VOR receiver. With the CDI centered, the OBS should read 0° with the TO/FROM indication showing FROM, or the OBS should read 180° with the TO/FROM indication showing TO.
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17. Where can locations for VOR test facilities be found?
Answer (A) is correct. (AIM Para 1-1-4) In each Chart Supplement, there is a section, listed by state, of VOT ground locations and airborne checkpoints.
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18. On what course should the VOR receiver (OBS) be set in order to navigate direct from Majors Airport (area 1) to Quitman VOR-DME (area 2)? (Refer to Figure 24: Sectional Chart Excerpt)
Answer (C) is correct. (FAA-H-8083-25B Chap 16) You are to find the radial to navigate direct from Majors Airport (less than 2 in. north and east of 1) to Quitman VOR-DME (southeast of 2 on Fig. 24). A compass rose, based on magnetic course, exists around the Quitman VOR-DME. A straight line from Majors Airport to Quitman VOR-DME coincides with this compass rose at 281°. Because the route is east to (not west from) Quitman, compute the reciprocal direction as 101° magnetic (281° – 180°).
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19. What course should be selected on the omnibearing selector (OBS) to make a direct flight from Mercer County Regional Airport (area 3) to the Minot VORTAC (area 1) with a TO indication? (Refer to Figure 21: Sectional Chart Excerpt)
Answer (C) is correct. (FAA-H-8083-25B Chap 16) Use Fig. 21 to find the course (omnibearing selector with a “TO” indication) from Mercer County Regional Airport (lower left corner) to the Minot VORTAC (right of 1). Note the compass rose (based on magnetic courses) that indicates the Minot VORTAC. A straight line from Mercer to Minot Airport coincides the compass rose at 179°. Because the route is north TO Minot, not south from Minot, compute the reciprocal direction as 359° (179° + 180°).
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20. On what course should the VOR receiver (OBS) be set to navigate direct from Hampton Varnville Airport (area 1) to Savannah VORTAC (area 3)? (Refer to Figure 23: Sectional Chart Excerpt)
Answer (C) is correct. (FAA-H-8083-25B Chap 16) You are to find the OBS course setting from Hampton Varnville Airport (right of 1) to Savannah VORTAC (below 3). Because compass roses are based on magnetic courses, you can find that a straight line from Hampton Varnville Airport to Savannah VORTAC coincides the Savannah VORTAC compass rose at 015°. Because the route is south to (not north from) Savannah, compute the reciprocal direction as 195° magnetic (015° + 180°). To use the VOR properly when flying to a VOR station, the course you select with the OBS should be the reciprocal of the radial you will be tracking. If this is not done, reverse sensing occurs.
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